/* Research-specific styles; shared header/footer structure remains unchanged. */
body,.research-main{background:#f3f4f6}.site-header,.site-header .masthead,.site-header .utility,.site-footer{background:#30251d;color:#fffdf8}.site-header .utility{border-color:rgba(255,253,248,.14)}.site-header :is(.uoc-link,.uoc-wordmark,.brand-subtitle,.primary-nav a,.plain-button,.language-button){color:#fffdf8}.site-header .language-button.active,.site-header .primary-nav a:hover,.site-header .primary-nav .is-current{color:#f2cbb5}.site-header .tools-button{border-color:rgba(255,253,248,.55)}.site-header .menu-toggle span:not(.sr-only){background:#fffdf8}.site-header :focus-visible,.site-footer :focus-visible{outline-color:#f2cbb5}
.research-main{--research-ink:#27352e;--research-muted:#505a54;--research-line:#d1d8d2;--research-green:#385a48;--research-wash:#e8eee7;color:var(--research-ink);font-family:'Source Sans 3',sans-serif;line-height:1.7}.research-main *{box-sizing:border-box}.research-shell{max-width:1200px;padding-block:2rem 4.5rem}.research-main :is(h1,h2,h3){font-family:'Literata',Georgia,serif;line-height:1.25;font-weight:500;color:var(--research-ink)}.research-main h1{font-size:clamp(2.25rem,4.5vw,3.75rem);letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:.7rem 0 1.3rem;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.research-main h2{font-size:clamp(1.5rem,2.8vw,2.1rem);margin:0 0 1rem}.research-main h3{font-size:1.25rem;margin:.5rem 0}.research-main p{margin:.65rem 0 1.1rem}.research-main a{color:#355541;text-underline-offset:.22em}.research-main a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}.research-main :is(button,select,textarea){font:inherit;color:var(--research-ink)}.research-main :is(a,button,summary,textarea,select,[tabindex]):focus-visible{outline:3px solid #855529;outline-offset:4px}.research-main [hidden]{display:none!important}.research-main :is(section,details,[id]){scroll-margin-top:2rem}.research-breadcrumb{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.6rem;font-size:.87rem;margin:0 0 1rem}.research-kicker{font-size:.77rem;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:600;color:#536357}.research-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr;gap:clamp(1.5rem,5vw,4.5rem);align-items:center;padding:1.5rem 0 3.5rem}.research-hero>div>p:not(.research-kicker){font-size:1.12rem;max-width:57ch;color:var(--research-muted)}.research-hero .research-deck{font:500 1.6rem/1.45 'Literata',Georgia,serif!important;color:var(--research-ink)!important}.research-hero-image{margin:0;height:360px;overflow:hidden;background:#ebece8;border:1px solid #d9ded8}.research-hero-image img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}.research-hero-image.object-image img{object-fit:contain;background:#ebece8;padding:.75rem}.research-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem 1.65rem;align-items:center}.research-links a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;font-weight:600}.research-collage{height:360px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;grid-template-rows:250px 110px;gap:5px;background:#e0e4de}.research-collage>img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;min-height:0}.research-collage>img:nth-child(2){object-fit:contain;background:#e7e7e2}.research-collage>div{grid-column:1/-1;background:#dce5dd;padding:1.15rem 1.6rem;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}.research-collage>div>span{font:2rem 'Literata',serif}.research-collage>div p{margin:0;font-size:.85rem}.research-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1.25rem;margin:1.6rem 0 3rem}.research-card{background:#fff;min-width:0;border:1px solid var(--research-line);display:flex;flex-direction:column}.research-card-photo{height:180px;display:block;background:#e9ece7;overflow:hidden}.research-card-photo img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;display:block}.research-card-photo img.contain{object-fit:contain;padding:.5rem}.research-card-body{padding:1.2rem 1.35rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1}.research-card h3{font-size:1.25rem}.research-card h3 a{text-decoration:none}.research-card h3 a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.research-card p{color:var(--research-muted);font-size:1rem}.research-card-link{margin-top:auto;font-weight:600;min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center}.research-intro{border-top:1px solid var(--research-line);padding:2.5rem 0 1rem;max-width:900px}.research-intro>p{max-width:80ch;color:var(--research-muted)}.research-expand{margin:1rem 0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--research-line);border-radius:3px;min-width:0}.research-expand>summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;padding:1.1rem 1.4rem;min-height:64px;font-size:1.08rem;font-weight:600}.research-expand>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.research-expand>summary:hover{background:#f7f9f5}.expand-icon{flex:0 0 18px;width:18px;height:18px;position:relative}.expand-icon:before,.expand-icon:after{content:'';position:absolute;background:currentColor;left:1px;right:1px;height:1.5px;top:8px}.expand-icon:after{transform:rotate(90deg)}details[open]>summary>.expand-icon:after{display:none}.expand-body{padding:.5rem 1.4rem 1.5rem;border-top:1px solid #e5e9e3}.expand-body>p,.expand-body>ul{max-width:85ch}.expand-body>ul{padding-left:1.25rem}.expand-body li{margin:.5rem 0}.research-team{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1.5rem;margin:1.3rem 0}.research-person{display:flex;gap:1rem;align-items:center;min-width:0}.research-person img.research-portrait{border-radius:50%;width:68px;height:68px;object-fit:cover;flex-shrink:0}.research-person h3{font:600 1rem/1.35 'Source Sans 3',sans-serif;margin:0}.research-person p{font-size:.83rem;line-height:1.4;margin:.3rem 0}.research-next{margin-top:3.5rem;padding:2rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--research-line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-line)}.theme-pagination{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:2rem;margin-top:2rem}.theme-pagination a{max-width:48%;min-height:44px}.visiting-banner{margin:3rem 0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:2rem;background:#e4ebe3;padding:2rem}.visiting-banner p{max-width:60ch}.research-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:48px;padding:.65rem 1.1rem;border:1px solid #526a58;white-space:nowrap}.research-controls{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.65rem;align-items:center;margin:1.2rem 0}.research-controls button,.research-controls select,.research-main button[data-entity]{min-height:44px;padding:.5rem 1rem;border:1px solid #849589;background:#fff;border-radius:3px;cursor:pointer}.research-controls button[aria-pressed=true],.research-controls button:hover{background:#385a48;color:white;border-color:#385a48}.research-main textarea{display:block;width:100%;resize:vertical;border:1px solid #89978c;border-radius:3px;padding:.8rem 1rem;margin:.4rem 0 1rem;line-height:1.7;background:#fbfcfa}.research-main label{font-weight:600}.record-panel{padding:1.3rem 1.5rem;background:#f0f3ef;border-left:3px solid #78917b;min-height:210px}.record-panel h3{margin:0 0 .8rem}.record-panel dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(90px,.6fr) 2fr;gap:.65rem 1.2rem;margin:.5rem 0}.record-panel dt{font-weight:600}.record-panel dd{margin:0}.record-panel code,.record-panel pre{font: .88rem/1.65 ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Consolas,monospace}.record-panel pre{overflow-x:auto;white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere;padding:1rem;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d7ded7;margin:1rem 0}.annotation-sentence{font:1.6rem/2.2 'Literata',Georgia,serif;margin:1.5rem 0}.research-main button[data-entity]{font:inherit;border:0;border-bottom:2px solid #627c69;border-radius:0;padding:0 .35rem;background:#e9eee7}.research-main button[data-entity][aria-pressed=true]{background:#385a48;color:white}.object-explorer{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.7fr 1.3fr;gap:2rem;margin:1rem 0}.object-explorer figure{margin:0;background:#eeeee9;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.object-explorer img{width:100%;height:320px;object-fit:contain}.chart-scroll{max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;padding:.25rem 0}.research-chart{display:block;width:100%;min-width:550px;max-height:650px;background:#fff}.research-chart text{font-family:'Source Sans 3',sans-serif;fill:#344037}.research-chart .gridline{stroke:#dde3dd;stroke-width:1}.research-chart .axis{stroke:#4f5b52;stroke-width:1}.research-chart .bar{fill:#456a53}.research-chart a:hover .bar{fill:#855529}.research-main table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin:1rem 0;font-size:.94rem}.research-main th,.research-main td{padding:.65rem .8rem;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #d8dfd8}.research-main caption{text-align:left;font-weight:600;margin:.5rem 0}.research-main .matrix{max-width:520px;table-layout:fixed}.matrix td{text-align:center;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-size:1.15rem;border:4px solid white}.matrix th{text-align:center}.objective-inputs{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1rem}.visitor-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:190px 1fr;gap:2rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-line);padding:1.5rem 0}.visitor-date{font-size:.9rem;color:#506252;padding-top:.5rem}.visitor-row .research-expand{max-width:900px}.visitor-row>div>p{color:var(--research-muted);font-size:.95rem}.visitor-row h3{font-size:1.5rem}.research-main .small-note{font-size:.87rem;color:#4d5b51}.research-main noscript{display:block;padding:1rem;border:1px solid #8f754b;background:#fff8e9}.site-header :is(.language-button,.plain-button,.menu-toggle){min-height:44px;min-width:44px}
@media(max-width:950px){.research-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.research-team{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.research-hero{gap:2rem}.research-hero-image{height:310px}.research-collage{height:310px;grid-template-rows:210px 100px}.research-hero h1{font-size:2.4rem}}
@media(max-width:650px){.research-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:1.2rem 0 2rem;gap:1.5rem}.research-hero h1{font-size:2.2rem}.research-hero-image,.research-collage{height:270px}.research-collage{grid-template-rows:185px 85px}.research-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.25rem}.research-card-photo{height:210px}.research-expand>summary{padding:1rem}.expand-body{padding:.5rem 1rem 1rem}.research-team{grid-template-columns:1fr}.object-explorer{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1rem}.object-explorer img{height:250px}.objective-inputs{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}.visiting-banner{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;padding:1.4rem}.visitor-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.3rem}.theme-pagination{flex-direction:column;gap:1rem}.theme-pagination a{max-width:100%}.record-panel{padding:1rem}.record-panel dl{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.2rem}.record-panel dd{margin-bottom:.7rem}.research-shell{padding-block:1rem 3rem}.annotation-sentence{font-size:1.2rem}.research-controls{gap:.5rem}.research-controls button{padding:.5rem .75rem}.research-collage>div{padding:1rem}.research-collage>div>span{font-size:1.5rem}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto!important}.research-main *{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}}
@media(forced-colors:active){.research-expand,.research-card,.record-panel,.research-controls button{border:1px solid CanvasText}.research-chart .bar{fill:Highlight}.research-chart text{fill:CanvasText}.research-chart .axis,.research-chart .gridline{stroke:CanvasText}.research-controls button[aria-pressed=true]{outline:2px solid Highlight}.matrix td{background:Canvas!important;color:CanvasText!important}}
@media print{.research-controls,.research-collage,.theme-pagination{display:none}.research-main details>*{display:block!important}.research-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-hero-image{height:200px}.research-card{break-inside:avoid}}
/* Neutralise the older homepage research-strip rules on these pages only. */
.research-main .research-grid{grid-auto-flow:row;grid-auto-columns:auto;overflow:visible;border:0;background:transparent;margin-right:0;padding-right:0}.research-main .research-card{padding:0;min-height:0;border:1px solid var(--research-line);background:#fff}.research-main .research-card:hover{background:#fff}.research-main .research-card p{margin:.65rem 0 1.1rem;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.6}.research-main .research-card .research-kicker{font-size:.77rem}.research-main .research-card h3{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.35}
.site-footer{position:relative;padding-top:72px}.site-footer .back-to-top{position:absolute;right:24px;top:12px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:44px;height:44px;margin:0;padding:8px;color:#fffdf8;background:none;border:0}.site-footer .back-to-top svg{width:26px;height:26px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.7;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}.footer-bottom>div{margin-left:auto;justify-content:flex-end}
html.a11y-contrast .site-header{background:#000!important}html.a11y-contrast .site-header *{color:#fff!important}html.a11y-contrast .research-main :is(.record-panel,.research-controls button[aria-pressed=true],button[data-entity][aria-pressed=true]){background:#fff!important;color:#000!important;border:2px solid #000}html.a11y-contrast .research-main .matrix td{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important;border:1px solid #000}.research-main .research-person img{height:68px;width:68px}
.object-explorer>*{min-width:0}.record-panel{min-width:0;max-width:100%}
#visit-timeline .research-chart{min-width:900px;max-height:none}.research-chart a:hover .visit-hit{fill:#edf2eb}.research-chart a:focus-visible .visit-hit{stroke:#855529;stroke-width:2}
@font-face{font-family:'TALOS CJK';src:url('../research/media/chinese-names.ttf');font-display:swap;unicode-range:U+5218,U+7FDA}.research-main :is(h1,h2,h3){font-family:'Literata','TALOS CJK',Georgia,serif}.research-chart text{font-family:'Source Sans 3','TALOS CJK',sans-serif}

.research-person.is-doctoral{background:#f5efe1;border-left:3px solid #8b6a2d;padding:.85rem;border-radius:3px}.research-person.is-doctoral h3{color:#634815}.research-person.is-doctoral p{color:#634815;font-weight:600}.doctoral-expand>summary{background:#f5efe1;color:#634815}.doctoral-expand>summary:hover{background:#eee5d3}.doctoral-portrait{width:112px;height:112px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:50%;float:right;margin:.75rem 0 1.25rem 1.5rem;border:3px solid #e1d5b9}.doctoral-expand .expand-body:after{content:'';display:block;clear:both}.supervision-list{padding-left:1.6rem}.supervision-list li{padding-left:.25rem}.research-person a{font-size:.85rem;text-decoration:underline}.research-hero-image.heritage-hero{height:auto;min-height:360px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:#eeece5}.research-hero-image.heritage-hero img{width:100%;height:330px;object-fit:contain;padding:.6rem}.heritage-hero figcaption{font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.5;color:#52574c;padding:.6rem 1rem .85rem}.research-card-photo img.heritage-image{object-fit:contain;padding:.4rem;background:#eeece5}.research-card-photo{height:190px}@media(max-width:650px){.research-hero-image.heritage-hero{min-height:0}.research-hero-image.heritage-hero img{height:260px}.doctoral-portrait{width:88px;height:88px;float:none;margin:1rem 0}.research-person.is-doctoral{padding:.75rem}.research-card-photo{height:210px}}html.a11y-contrast .doctoral-expand>summary,html.a11y-contrast .research-person.is-doctoral{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important;border-color:#000}
@media(max-width:480px){.site-header .utility-inner{height:auto;min-height:48px;gap:6px}.site-header .uoc-link{min-width:0;flex:1}.site-header .uoc-wordmark{white-space:normal;line-height:1.25}.site-header .utility-actions{gap:4px;flex:0 0 auto}.site-header .uoc-link img{flex-shrink:0}}

/* Research introduction uses the same page header as the Laboratory. */
.research-page-header{background:#f3f4f6}.research-page-header .lab-header-copy>p{max-width:52ch;font-size:1.1rem;line-height:1.7}.research-page-header .lab-quick-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.6rem 1.25rem;margin-top:1.5rem}.research-page-header .lab-quick-links a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.2em}.research-page-header .lab-quick-links a{color:#355541}.research-page-header a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #614a2d;outline-offset:3px}.research-page-header .research-collage{height:clamp(260px,29vw,390px);grid-template-rows:minmax(0,1fr) 90px;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 18px 42px rgba(58,36,22,.16)}@media(max-width:900px){.research-page-header .research-collage{height:clamp(240px,58vw,380px)}}
